Look. At. That. Chart. See the comments.
It’s a chart which
compares the On Base Percentage (OBP) of all teams which had to endure a
perfect game. OBP measures how often a batter reaches base (hits,
walks, hit-by-pitch, sacrifice). The average OBP of the 20 teams faced
by perfect pitchers other than Austin College Kangaroo Charlie
Robertson? 0.316. That’s pretty typical. The OBP average of the
entire Major Leagues in 2018 was roughly the same at 0.318.
The
OBP of the 1922 Detroit Tigers, against whom Robertson was perfect? An
incredible 0.373. That’s nearly 20% higher than the average of all
other opponents. Robertson pitched his perfect game against the Tigers
on April 30, 1922 in Detroit.
Batting Average (BA) only measures
hits, is usually about 60 points lower than OBP, and was a more commonly
used statistic 100 years ago. A BA of 0.250 is considered average; in
fact, the BA of the entire Major Leagues in 2018 was not far off at
0.248.
The 1921 Detroit Tigers had a team batting average of
0.316 in 1921. It remains the highest team batting average in the
modern era since 1901. In 118 years (~2000 team seasons) of major
league baseball, no team has ever had a batting average higher than the
0.321 average of the Detroit Tigers in 1921. The Tigers came close to
matching their output in 1922 by hitting 0.306, just a point lower than
the 1927 New York Yankees.
The 1927 Yankees with its famed
Murderer’s Row is considered by some as the best hitting team in the
history of the game. That’s not the case. The truth is that the 1927
Yankees were a team with great pitching and great hitting. The 1922
Tigers? Poor pitching and EXTRAORDINARY hitting. No team could hit
like the Detroit Tigers, which makes Charlie Robertson’s perfect game on
April 30, 1922 that much more remarkable.
Who are they 1922
Detroit Tigers? This preview will go through the amazing lineup, batter
by batter. With almost no weak spots in the order, Robertson would
have been lucky to pick up a win that day. How the Roo was perfect
remains something only the baseball gods can explain. As official MLB
historian John Thorn put it, Robertson’s feat is “perhaps the most
perfect game ever pitched.” Let’s meet Robertson’s victims, the
starting lineup of the Detroit Tigers on April 30, 1922:
Batting in the leadoff position: First baseman Lu Blue
Luzerne Atwell “Lu” Blue enjoyed a 13-year major league career. He was
a switch-hitter with a career on base percentage (OBP) of .402. His
best season was his 1921 rookie year in Detroit, when the Tigers set the
MLB team BA record that still stands. Aided by a strong ability to
draw walks, Blue’s OBP in 1921 was an impressive 0.416. Blue was among
the league leaders in walks ten times during his career. He credited Ty
Cobb with helping him to improve his hitting in the majors.
Batting second: Second baseman George Cutshaw
Cutshaw’s 12-year major league career was near its end in 1922. He hit
0.267 that year with a respectable 0.300 OBP, not far off of his career
averages. Cutshaw would have been a welcome addition to any major
league lineup. Compared to his 1922 Detroit Tiger teammates, however,
he was below average.
Batting third: Center Fielder Ty Cobb
Ty Cobb is the best hitter in the history of baseball. His 0.367
career batting average is first all time, and his career 0.433 OBP
places Cobb in the top ten all time. In 1922, Cobb was at the peak of
his game. He hit 0.401 that year, one of only 7 players to top the .400
barrier. His league leading 0.401 average in 1922 was topped by Cobb’s
Tiger teammate Harry Heilmann and his 0.403 average in 1923. Cobb was
one of the “original six” of the first Hall of Fame class in 1936. His
4,191 hit total was an iconic baseball record until finally broken by
Pete Rose in 1984.
Batting Cleanup: Left Fielder Bobby Veach
Nobody in baseball had more RBIs or extra base hits between 1915 and
1922 than Bobby Veach. The 14-year veteran of the majors hit for both
power and average; he finished second to Ty Cobb for the AL batting
title in 1919. His 1922 BA of 0.327 was one of his best seasons. The
Detroit outfield of Veach, Cobb, and Heilmann are considered by some
historians as the best hitting outfield in baseball history.
Batting fifth: Right Fielder Harry Heilmann
Heilmann was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1952. He hit a
remarkable 0.342 over 17 major league seasons. In 1923, one year after
Robertson’s perfect game, Heilmann stole the batting title from Cobb
after hitting 0.403. His OBP that same season was an impressive .481;
in other words, Harry Heilmann safely reached first base in almost 1 of
every 2 at-bats. His lifetime OBP of 0.409 places him at #36 on the
all-time list, just ahead of Jackie Robinson.
Batting sixth: Third baseman Bob Jones
With a career BA of 0.265, Jones was one of the less productive hitters
in the Detroit lineup. Over 9 years in Detroit, Jones compiled a
career OBP of 0.314 with 791 hits, 208 walks, and 310 RBIs. Jones hit
0.300 one time in his career, the record setting year of 1921. Still,
Jones would have found a spot on any other team lineup. His career BA
was still nearly 20 points higher than the league average in 2018.
Batting seventh: Shortstop Topper Rigney
As a rookie in 1922, Rigney hit 0.300 and recorded an OBP of 0.380.
1922 and 1923 were his most productive years over a six-year major
league career. Rigney grew up in Leonard, TX near the Grayson County
border. A contemporary of Robertson, he played for Texas A&M from
1915 to 1918. Rigney was plagued by injuries after the 1923 season,
which forced an early retirement.
Batting eighth: Catcher Clyde Mannion
Mannion’s career BA of 0.218 was one of the lowest on the Tiger team;
he was the only member of the starting lineup to hit below the 2018
major league average. However, Mannion had won of his best seasons in
1922, hitting 0.275 with an OBP of 0.315. He ended his 13 years in the
majors in 1934 with a career OBP of 0.293, respectable among defensive
minded catchers of the era. Even Detroit’s catcher could hit.
Batting ninth: Pitcher Herman Pillette
Not surprisingly given his pitching role, Pillette was by far the
weakest member of the lineup on April 30, 1922. Pillette hit a poor
0.172 in 1922 with an OBP of only 0.204. However, he only batted twice
against Robertson. With Pillette on deck with two outs in the ninth, Ty
Cobb replaced his starting pitcher with a pinch hitter in a desperate
attempt to wreck Robertson’s perfect game. That pinch hitter was backup
catcher Johnny Bassler.
Pinch hitter: Catcher Johnny Bassler
According to the “Detroit Athletic,” Bassler “excelled at one thing
almost better than any other hitter in history – making contact. Four
times Bassler hit over .300, batting 0.346 in 1924. His penchant for
striking the ball came at a cost – he rarely hit for power. But Bassler
was a master at getting on the bases. He posted an OBP over 0.400 in
every season he played for Detroit. In 1924 his 0.441 OBP was second
only Babe Ruth.”
Player Manager Ty Cobb was furious. The Detroit
Tigers would often lose a ballgame because of pitching, but they were
never shutdown offensively. Yet here was a rookie pitcher fresh out of
Austin College completely owning the greatest hitting team in history
and shutting down himself, the greatest batter the game had ever known.
After 26 outs and no base runner to show for it, Cobb desperately
inserted Bassler as a pinch hitter with orders to “wreck” Robertson’s
perfect outing. Like the mighty Tigers that came before him, Bassler
failed. Cobb left Tiger Stadium in disgust as Robertson celebrated out
#27 alongside his Chicago White Sox teammates.
The Detroit Tigers
finished the 1922 season just four games above 0.500, in third place in
the AL won by the New York Yankees. Their pitching was primarily to
blame. Chicago only managed 2 runs on April 30, 1922; that low total
usually would have been enough for a win for a Detroit team that
averaged nearly 6 runs a game. But neither runs, nor hits, nor walks,
nor errors would be on the scoreboard by the end of the day.
Since 1901, there have been roughly half-a-million pitching starts in
the Majors. Only 21 of those ~500,000 starts have resulted in a perfect
game. The odds of witnessing a perfect game at any random baseball game
is 0.00008%. The odds of being struck by lightning? 0.0003%. You are
four times more likely to get struck by lightning.
The odds of
pitching a perfect game against the 1922 Detroit Tigers? That’s like
being struck by lightning while the lightning is itself struck by
lightning.
More Saturday previews to come. To read previous
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